Action Potentials and The Cardiac Cycle Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Action Potentials and The cardiac Cycle - Essay Exampleld take approximately 200 to 500 milliseconds to complete and conducted from cell to cell, unhurried comp ared to less than 2 milliseconds in the treat potentials in skeletal muscles (Seeley, Stephens, and Tate, 2007 333). The following figures depict the stages or phases of an action potential resting potential, depolarization, repolarization, and returning to resting potential or the final repolarization phase.The resting potential is the stage when the cell is not conducting an lust (Rothenberg and Chapman, 1989). At this resting stage, the concentration of sodium (Na+) ions is higher outside the cell than the inside. On the other hand, the potassium (K+) ions are evidently higher inside the cell, compared to the outside. In this manner, the sodium-potassium pump is constantly at work to ensure a more lordly ionic environment outside the cell membrane, thus leaving the cell interior(a) highly negative (MCB-HHMI Outreach, 2005).Depolarization marks the first step in sending a argue or action potential, wherein the negatively charged cell interior is disturbed by the entrance positive Na+ ions, as we piece of tail see in the above figure (MCB-HHMI Outreach, 2005). Further, it is in this stage that Na+ conduct open to give way to the diffusion of Na+ into the cell, at the same time, the K+ channels would just begin to open but closes immediately to decrease the permeableness of cell to K+ (Seeley, Stephens, and Tate, 2007 333). We can notice in figure 2 that the potassium and sodium channels are like provide that open to give way to their respective ions. Accordingly, the opening and closing of these membrane channels are prudent in the production of action potentials, as a result of the changes in cellular membrane permeability (Seeley, Stephens, and Tate, 2007 333). In addition, calcium (Ca++) channels slowly open to cause Ca++ ions to diffuse into the cell, which also mimic depolarization (See ley, Stephens, and Tate, 2007 333).An action potential triggers

Chronic and Complex Nursing Care Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Chronic and labyrinthian Nursing C be - Case Study ExampleThe musculoskeletal symptoms include pain, tendonitis, joint contractures, muscle failing and arthritis. Urogenital symptoms include an increase in bladder wall, deposition of connective tissues and proliferative vascular lesions. In women, vaginal symptoms include tightness, dyspareunia and dryness. In men, there is a reduced penile blood flow leading to erectile dysfunction (Vlachoyiannopoulos, 2009). Prevalence The distribution of SSc is worldwide affecting all races. The prevalence of scleroderma has been estimated to be amidst 4 and 253 cases per million persons. Its susceptibility is influenced by cyphers such as sex, age, environmental exposure and genetic background. Family members may be affected by other connective tissue disorders meaning that a genetic factor might be an important factor in expression of the disease. The peak incidence is normally inside the third and fifth decade of life. The ratio of male to female is approximately 51 musical composition annual incidence being 14.1 cases per million. The highest prevalence for SSc has been found to be in Choctaw Native Americans in okay (Vlachoyiannopoulos, 2009). Treatment Therapy is normally individualized to each patients needs and clinical presentation receivable to the heterogeneity of SSc. The treatment is done for organ specific complications including Raynaud Phenomenon This is done using long-acting channel blockers and angiotensin II sense organ blockers. Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors are mostly used in the treatment of secondary Reynaud phenomenon. An oral endothelin-1 receptor inhibitor can be useful to the patients having recurrent ischemic ulcers (Eisenberg M.E. et al. (2008)). Scleroderma Renal Crisis Patients with systemic sclerosis are advised to regularly check their blood pressure at home. ACE inhibitors are used to realise hypertension since they are essential in preserving and restoring of the renal functio n (Eisenberg M.E. et al. (2008)). Gastrointestinal Complications Therapies are essential in the control of gastrointestinal symptoms while preventing GERD complications. Patients with SSc and gastrical antral vascular ectasia normally require coagulation of the endoscopic optical maser to reduce the bleeding risks. Intestinal pseudo-obstruction is normally diagnosed during the laparotomy time while bacterial overgrowth is set by antibiotics. The mainstays of therapy for the intestinal overgrowth are the antibiotics and correction of nutritional deficiencies (Eisenberg M.E. et al. (2008)). Pulmonary complications patients having an early and progressive interstitial lung disease may benefit from oral or intravenous cyclophosphamide. Symptomatic pulmonary arterial hypertension is treated by oral bosentan, parenteral epoprostenol, sidenafil, inhaled iloprost and treprostinil. Continuous oxygen is also necessary for patients with hypoxemia (Eisenberg et al, 2008) Lung pubic louse Lun g malignant neoplastic disease refers to cancer that forms in the tissues of the lungs, mostly in the cells that are lining air passages. The main types of lung cancer are petty cell lung cancer and non-small cell lung cancer. These types are normally diagnosed on the basis of how the cells look under the microscope (Wender R. et al, 2013). Symptoms Lung cancer may either present with symptoms or found incidentally on the chest imaging. Symptoms of lung cancer may result from the local invasion or the coalescency of adjacent thoracic structure like the compression involving

Brazil Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Brazil - Essay Example(CIA, 2007) Brazil has a multiethnic tender social system with Roman Catholicism as the dominant religion and Portuguese as the main language. It is characterized by internal surroundings, wildlife diversity, protected habitats. It name of demography, it is fifth virtually populous nation in the world and in terms of geographical ara it is the fifth largest. Brazil is officially known as the Federative Republic of Brazil. (CIA, 2008) The natives of Brazil are perceived to leave descended from the North Asian migrants of around 9000BC. In the beginning due to the already generated amply profits from championship with India, Japan and mainland China, Brazil did not evoke much interest in the Portugal colonists. The expanse was economically exploited mostly for its Brazilwood which provided the red dye. Previously they had established temporary trading establishments which ensured the trade of brazilwood but later permanent settlement ensured the setting up of sugarcane industry. The nation move out to be agriculture based economy from where the Portuguese exported the agricultural commodities to European nations. With time the most crucial colonial product of Brazil was sugar and this remained equally important till the eighteenth hundred when there was a crisis as they faced competition from both Dutch and French sugar producers determined scraggy to Europe. This led to a fall in the price of sugar. Even gold production declined towards the close of the eighteenth century. The Portuguese administration still kept its integrity by sending bullions to the nation. The nation nevertheless has undergone wide scale changes overtime and currently are known as an emerging economy of the world. The changes have occurred in all dimensions including the social, economic and political scenario.Emerging Markets is a term which is used to refer to the social and economic operations of a nation which is in its way towards fast growth process and industrialization. China is currently considered to be the

Superman - an American cultural icon Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

window glass - an American pagan moving picture - Essay Examplein the blue tights and red ness who flew around rescuing anyone in take away of help and constantly struggling against a slew of supervillians of various sorts. In many ways, this Superman can be compared to the ancient stories of the half-man, half-god Hercules and his various adventures changed slightly to fit the modern agnizeings of the land and provide him with powers equally astounding to the modern audience. To understand how and why Superman has become a cultural icon and why he will remain so for many years into the future, it is necessary to understand what is meant by the term icon, how this term applies to Superman and why this character fits a particular need within todays social structure.The first step in discovering how and why Superman is a cultural icon of both past and future is identifying exactly what is meant by the term icon. Fortunately, Margaret Kenna (1985) has already gone a long way towa rd identifying exactly those elements that define the true make-up of the icon. The Greek countersign eikon can be translated as image, picture, portrait, representation. The modern use of the word denotes two-dimensional representations such as paintings, photographs, or pictures in magazines and newspapers, and three-dimensional objects such as statues. In certain contexts the word refers particularly to pictures of holy persons and events (Kella, 1985 347). Thus, an icon is generally defined as an object that is imbued with divine power of some sort. Taking the religion by of the equation, this equals to super power or power beyond the ordinary strength and abilities of man. In addition to its typic relationship with the divine, the making of an icon follows a specific tradition that is intended to provide an even deeper symbolisation in that the icon is a microcosm of the relationship between the material world, human beings and the divine power believed to contract created them all (Kenna, 1985 348). Here we

Modern Art History Assignments Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Modern Art History Assignments - Assignment ExampleThe makeup Modern Art History Assignments investigates the history of modern finesse and discovers what is bad and mature artistry. A good art is an art that be interpreted easily with a theme or subject matter. It should be educative or resembling some deep hidden factors while appearing simple. A good art balances the environment and the pictorial. A good art should have a purpose. A bad art is an art without a theme objective and purpose. It lacks balance and creates mixed reaction leading to confusion. The painting shows Brutus wife and children really emotional crying and wailing over the ruling Brutus has made against his own sons to bring about whirling in his empire. Brutus appears to be calm but pictured to be in deep thoughts not dismantle able to look back and see his own sons punished for committing treason. The pictorial paintings of the building, statues and mode of dressing entail the Roman Empire. The name Bru tus in itself also signifies the brutality going on in the picture. Light and quarter are pictured are well illuminated in the picture with a good slap-up contrast. Drama depicts this single painting as observed in the picture. At the back Brutus son is carried away(predicate) for punishment while at the center of the image Brutus is shown seated and calm while at the very left the wife and children are crying and wailing. Realist art in the 19th century includes paintings and pictures that attempts to show the stratus cloud of the lower, middle and upper class in addition to culture, customs, beliefs and mores of the people.